Analysis Of Paul Laurence Dunbar s The Elevator Boy Poet

On June 27, 1872 in Dayton, Ohio a legend, a dream, a prodigy was born. Paul Laurence Dunbar was one of the first African American poets to gain national recognition. (poets) Dunbar graduated high school around the time where racial discrimination was at it’s all time high, so they were not many jobs for the African American race. Due to the lack of occupation Dunbar was forced to be an elevator operator in a Dayton hotel. Although the circumstances were difficult it did not stop Dunbar from succeeding. While working as an elevator operator, Dunbar was able to continue his works during his off time. Working at the hotel didn’t only allow Dunbar to continue writing; he also earned a name for himself, â€Å"elevator boy poet.† His eagerness to succeed allowed him to adapt what is now known as a hustle. Dunbar sold poems in the elevator for one dollar, to help cover publishing fees. Soon after Dunbar moved to Chicago, where he befriended Fredrick Douglass. This is w here his hard work begins to pay off. Dunbar and his work were mentioned in major magazines and newspapers. By 1896 Dunbar had published his third collection, but first professionally published volume, Lyrics of Lowly Life. In this volume Dunbar wrote a poem called, â€Å"We Wear the Mask.† In the poem, â€Å"We Wear the Mask†, lies and deceit, suffering, race, and society and class are used as themes to illustrate the African American life during and before Dunbar’s lifetime. The purpose of this analysis is to explore certain

Thrasymachus’ Views on Justice Free Essays

The position Thrasymachus takes on the definition of justice, as well as its importance in society, is one far differing from the opinions of the other interlocutors in the first book of Plato’s Republic. Embracing his role as a Sophist in Athenian society, Thrasymachus sets out to aggressively dispute Socrates’ opinion that justice is a beneficial and valuable aspect of life and the ideal society. Throughout the course of the dialogue, Thrasymachus formulates three major assertions regarding justice. We will write a custom essay sample on Thrasymachus’ Views on Justice or any similar topic only for you Order Now These claims include his opinion that â€Å"justice is nothing other than the advantage of the stronger,† â€Å"it is just to obey the rulers,† and â€Å"justice is really the good of another [†¦] and harmful to the one who obeys and serves. † Socrates continuously challenges these claims using what is now known as the â€Å"Socratic method† of questioning, while Thrasymachus works to defend his views. This paper seeks to argue the implausibility of Thrasymachus’ views through an analysis of his main claims regarding justice, as well as his view that injustice brings greater happiness. In Book I of Republic, Socrates attempts to define justice with the help of his friends and acquaintances. After a number of suggestions prove false or insufficient, Thrasymachus tries his hand to define the term, convinced that his definition rings true. Thrasymachus begins in stating, â€Å"justice is nothing other than the advantage of the stronger,1† and after prodding, explains what he means by this. Thrasymachus believes that the stronger rule society, therefore, creating laws and defining to the many what should be considered just. He pertains, however, that the stronger create said laws for their own benefit and therefore in acting justly, the ruled are performing for the rulers benefit and not their own. This argument is not feasible for a variety of reasons. One of the key characteristics of justice is fairness, which can also be defined as being reasonable or impartial. 5 Impartiality means that you do not favour one side over another6, and therefore implies that if one were to act justly and therefore impartially, they would not act in a way to benefit only a select few. Furthermore, justice in its true form cannot be used solely for the advantage of the stronger without the masses acknowledging the injustices being imposed upon them, as Thrasymachus suggests is the case. For justice is one of the many characteristics of morality, which is considered to be intrinsic based on an inner conviction. 7 Therefore, if the many were acting against said inner conviction wholly for the benefit of the stronger, would they not experience a natural feeling of injustice? This argument alike can be used to refute another of Thrasymachus’ primary claims that â€Å"justice is really the good of another [†¦] and harmful to the one who obeys and serves. †3 In addition to his definition, Thrasymachus argues the value of justice as a human or societal characteristic, claiming that injustice is far more beneficial to the individual. Thrasymachus asserts that tyranny: makes the doer of injustice happiest and the sufferers of it, who are unwilling to do injustice, most wretched. †¦] injustice, if it is on a large enough scale, is stronger, freer, and more masterly than justice. 5 To decide whether an unjust man finds more happiness than a just man does, one must understand the true meaning of the word. The dictionary defines happiness as â€Å"characterized by pleasure, contentment, or joy. †8 Thrasymachus typifies the unjust man as someone who is constantly seeking self-fulfillment, pleasing their desires no matter what the cost to others. It is in their nature to never be satisfied with what they have, and therefore it is unlikely that the unjust man could ever experience true contentment. In contrast, the just man is content upholding laws and acting for the greater good and is therefore capable of experiencing a greater happiness than one who partakes in injustices. The dictionary goes on to state that happiness can also be defined as â€Å"feeling satisfied that something is right or has been done right. 8 Thus, an unjust man could never truly be happy, as they are aware of the injustices they have committed unto others in order to benefit themselves. In addition, if one is to look to the cardinal virtues, not only is justice itself included, temperance is as well. Temperance, meaning â€Å"restraint in the face of temptation or desire†9 is not a characteristic of an unjust man. In fact, Thrasymachus argues that one should always seek to fulfill their own desires exercising injustice as a way to do so. Virtue is said to be a measure of one’s worth, therefore, in turning their back on it, an unjust man could never be as self fulfilled and happy as a virtuous one. The first book of Republic illustrates a diverse range of views in reference to the definition of justice. None, however, evokes such controversy and analysis as Thrasymachus’ dialogue. His point of view calls to the forefront a number of important questions regarding the issue, and is an essential piece to Plato’s puzzle of defining justice. Thrasymachus’s arguments in and of themselves, however, are implausible as discussed above. Not only does his claim that â€Å"justice is nothing other than the advantage of the stronger,†1 go against morality and assume the masses naive, but his attempt to prove that the unjust man is happier than the just man is insufficient and untrue. Works Cited Encarta World English Dictionary. 2004 Plato. The Republic. Translated by G. M. A. Grube. Revised by C. D. C. Reeve. Indianapolis/Cambridge: Hackett Publishing Company. 1992. 382c How to cite Thrasymachus’ Views on Justice, Papers

Maine free essay sample

All I remembered about the house was it smelled funny. It wasnt a good sort offunny, like grandmas perfume or a musty basement, but a different sort. I wasstill undecided whether I liked the pungent smell of mothballs, fish and mustysalt spray that filled my grandparents summer home on the Maine coast. Butnearly 13 years after my last visit, this smell was all I remembered. Iwould be the fourth generation to share this home; it was built by mygreat-grandparents, lived in by my grandmother and frequented by my father andhis brothers. To the Braun family, it represented an eternal bond; to be a trueBraun, you had to love the seashore, this house and the funny smell containedinside. But to me, the house meant little more than a faint memory of afive-year-old girl attending her uncles wedding. I must admit I put up abit of a fight when I heard this smelly house, of all places, would be where Iwould spend a good part of my summer. We will write a custom essay sample on Maine or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page There I had no Internet access, noStarbucks and, most importantly, no one but my family to keep me company. Isimply did not understand its allure. It seemed remote, desolate and boring. Butupon returning, my feelings toward the place changed. As we opened thefront door, I was surprised to be met with the same smell as 13 years before. Itvaguely reminded me of my uncles wedding and my aunt braiding my hair too tight.I soon realized this smell meant much more to my father. This smell was whatgreeted him decades ago when he went to visit his grandparents for the summer andwelcomed him home after swimming in the ice cold ocean. This smell reminded himof his grandparents, a bit eccentric, but always kind and caring. It was thesmell of childhood fun and what he and his brothers breathed during the mostenjoyable summers of their lives. This smell was familiar to generationsof Brauns that had come before me, a strange sort of timeless link between thepast and present. This smell meant nothing to me but meant everything to myfather. So entering this house, with its funny smell, I understood just why thisplace is so special.

Metamorphic Insight Into Dreams Essays - Dream, Sleep, Parasomnias

Metamorphic Insight Into Dreams Essays - Dream, Sleep, Parasomnias Metamorphic Insight Into Dreams Dreams play a large role in many people's lives. They can reflect and pertain to all aspects of life, and can have a deeper meaning than might immediately be realized. The following paper contains an in depth look at and the meaning that dreams have for many individuals and how they have affected people both in the past and present. Many dreams have are really symbols representing significant influences and events in the lives of those who have them. The following paragraph is an example of a dream that a young boy or girl, or anyone for that matter, might experience. A cool breeze flows gently through the trees while the hot summer sun shines down on a gathering of family members. A young boy happy with excitement finds himself surrounded by the people he loves at a family reunion. While the adults reminisce on past times, the children are found enjoying a game of kickball in the field. As the little boy becomes a spectator absorbing all of the joy and warmth from his family's party, he awakes from his night's sleep to find out that he has been dreaming. This pleasant dream is just one example of the many different types of night visions people encounter. Was this boy imagining a life with his family that might not really exist? Is this child abused or neglected and using dreams as an escape, or is this reality and the child is simply reliving pleasant experiences? The metamorphic process of paralleling the symbolism of our dreams to our everyday lives has contributed to learning more about our individualistic personalities. Over the years, the mysteries of why and how we dream have captured the imagination of everyone from playwrights and poets to psychologists and scientists. However, the main objective of this paper is to illustrate that there are significant purposes to dreams. From laboratory experiments to primitive cultures, the interpretation of dreams is a powerful tool used to help understand ourselves. Rosalind Cartwright, a dream expert, separates the significance of dreams into four categories. According to Cartwright, dreams serve to review, revise, rehearse, and repair ourselves. To fully grasp the importance of these four R's and the understanding of dreams, researchers must first study sleep patterns. In order to study the stages of sleep, patients are tested with a device called an electroencephalograph (Myers 210). This machine measures brain wave activity, eye movements, and muscle tension through electrodes. Other similar devices are used to record heart rates, respiration rates, and the degree of genital arousal during sleep. After collecting all of this data, researchers are able to analyze patients' dreams. According to David G. Myers, a professor of psychology at Michigan's Hope College, there are four stages associated with sleep prior to Rapid Eye Movement, REM sleep. In Stage 1, breathing rate slows and brain waves slow down even further. During this light sleep, fantastic images similar to hallucinations are experienced. Sensations such as falling or floating are usually felt during this two- minute stage. Soon after Stage 1, a greater sense of relaxation settles in. This is the beginning of Stage 2. This stage, lasting about twenty minutes, is characterized by bursts of rapid brain-wave activity. Because of this sudden surge of brain waves, sleep talking becomes prevalent. Stage 3 and 4 are often linked together because of their similarities. They last for about thirty minutes and are called slow-wave sleep because of the slow delta waves the brain emits during these stages. Delta waves have a frequency of 3.5 cycles per second, which makes them much slower than the beta wave of fifteen cycles per second. Because of these slow delta waves, it is especially difficult to wake the sleeping person from the third and fourth stages of sleep. Children may also wet the bed or begin sleepwalking at these stages. About twenty percent of 3 to 12-year-olds have at least one episode of sleepwalking, usually lasting two to ten minutes; some 5 percent have repeated episodes (Myers 212). As Stage 4 comes to a close, the patient begins the important rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. During REM sleep, genitals become aroused even when the dream's content is not sexual (212). Myers states

15 NeuroMarketing Mind Hacks You Need To Be Using

15 NeuroMarketing Mind Hacks You Need To Be Using Can we really hack into the minds of our buyers and influence their decisions?  Some say we can, and theyve got the evidence to prove it. Research suggests that there are definite behavioral patterns that most people follow almost automatically, and understanding those patterns gives you  an edge in your niche. 15 NeuroMarketing Mind Hacks You Need To Be Using via @LarryGMaguire The Power Of  NeuroMarketing Since the time of the advertising greats like Claud C. Hopkins, the role of psychology in the decision making and buying habits of people  has been recognized and well documented. It has birthed a field of study commonly known as NeuroMarketing. And its findings will  give you deep insight into your buyers' and readers' behavior  to understand  what works and what doesn't in convincing them to buy from you. Call it what you like, NeuroMarketing or otherwise, the truth of the matter is everything you do on your site affects the perception of you and your product or service in the mind of your visitor. So, let's take a look at  the  NeuroMarketing  tactics and strategies that have been tried, tested, and shown to be effective at relaying our message to our buyers in their terms. Design  Your Content To Be Easily Recognized Design certainly influences your reader and positions your credibility from the get-go. So here are a few design hacks that will help you build your brand and grow your readership. 1. Brand your content to be recognizable anywhere it shows up. Research suggests  that we do indeed process advertising even if we don't consciously consider it. Big brand marketers know that once they build brand momentum, they need to continue building awareness their message. Think of when you ask yourself, â€Å"Where did I see that before?† Once you build brand momentum, continue building awareness for your message. #neuromarketingHow you can use unconscious branding. First, look into  branding for your blog. To make an impact, use your brand logo everywhere. Here  are  just a few examples of how you can do this: Insert your logo in your custom blog post images. Use your logo in your email signature. Insert your logo in your social media header images. Attach a branded image to your tweets and other social media posts. Use the same profile image across all platforms on the Internet. 2. Use color that connects with the emotions you want your readers to feel when they interact with your content. People make up their minds within 90 seconds of their initial interactions with products. About 62†90% of the assessment is based on colors. To top that off,  certain colors affect people in different ways, depending on our experiences.  Generally, it is agreed that certain colors evoke set  feelings in most people, and when  marketers use these colors, then they can influence people to make the right decisions. People make decisions within 90 seconds of seeing your product.  #neuromarketingHow you can use color in your marketing. Julie Neidlinger  already covered this  perfectly  in her post  about the psychological effects of color on your readers. Check out that robust post for tons of detail on this topic. 3. Use fonts that help your readers focus on the message rather than the design. The use of font type and style has a direct effect on the number of eyeballs that browse your content. Certain typefaces are associated and work well with particular professions, so choosing one that communicates your message  and matches your brand will help you connect with your readers. How to use typefaces correctly. I use Canva quite a lot. I think it's a great tool for building custom images with a good selection of Google fonts to choose from. I tend to use two typefaces in my custom images in order to keep my message consistent. Consider the following when selecting fonts for your blog and designs: Choose a look and feel that communicates your message. Stay consistent and use the same typefaces throughout your material. Use bold where necessary to increase the impact of one or more words in a sentence. Play around with color to contrast your message. Play with kerning. Kerning is the space between letters and can impact your message quite a bit. Center your text on an image or in the body of an article to  increase the impact. Check out this article and this one to understand the effect of typeface on your designs. 4.  Lay out your content so scanners can easily understand everything without reading it. Make your content as readable and scannable as possible. Bullet point key points or features and break your content up with images and quotes. Lay out your content to be easily scannable. #neuromarketingHow you can format for scanning. Lists: List posts are one of the most popular and shared post types. Use lists to break out important points that you want your readers to take away from your material. Don't just use boring default bullets, try make your bullets or numbers stand out more by using color or an image icon. Subheads:  Subheads expand on your heading and provide the reader a little more detail about your article or offer while further inviting the reader to move further into your content. Custom Images:  Use Canva to create custom images that you can place strategically within your posts, again, to highlight important points you want your readers to share and take away. The Sumome plugin allows your readers to share these images with a predefined tweet accompanied by your Twitter handle. Great for spreading the word! :  Use   a couple of times within the body of your posts to highlight or close out on an important point.  Ã‚  also allows your readers to quickly share your content with followers on Twitter. Break up long strings of text in your content with lists, subheads, and images. #blogging5. Suggest  action  with images. You have only 50 milliseconds to make an impression.  The  images you create, or get from other sources online and use on your site, will determine who you are and what you represent in the minds of your visitors quicker than a scalded cat off a hot stove. In Western society, your readers' eyes move top to bottom and left to right. And the reason for this is pretty obvious: It's the same way people read a book. If you use images of people, then the direction of their gaze can direct your readers' attention to where it's needed. Check out the highest converting landing page on LeadPages: How you can use images to direct your readers to action. In the image above, note the direction of the gaze of the pretty girl toward the opt-in box. It directs the visitor to take action and enter their info. You can use images to coax a particular response from your visitors. Make Your Readers Comfortable To Gain Their Trust Subliminal intention  passes below the normal limits of perception. So there are a few things you can do to help your readers feel comfortable with your brand  right from the get-go. 6. Show you’re confident, and your readers will be confident in your content and products. Research  shows that people readily accept the opinions of those they see as confident, even though past record may not be perfect. You can take advantage of this and give people what they want according to their preferences- you simply need to find out what floats their boat, and be confident in  your convictions. How to display confidence in your writing. Well there's only one real answer to this, and you certainly can't fake it. Research. Research until you get to the core of the information, and you will  have the ability to deliver the required information with certainty. There's a lot of rehashing of information online with many bloggers simply compiling information from others which results in vacuous content with no real substance whatsoever. If you want to display confidence in your writing, you must research deeply. Get off the fence, give your own opinion, and be definite about it. Find the research articles and link to them directly where you can. 7. Publish positive content to gain positive readers. Positive content performs better than negative  and is more likely to go viral.  Researchers  found that although content that is positive achieves greater virality, the content must arouse a high degree of positive emotion. Positive + emotional content is more likely to be shared. #neuromarketingThey also found that negatively centered content can also make the list if it arouses this high degree of emotion. How to use positive affirmation. Well, it's simple really. Focus on delivering your chosen message in a positive light. You may need to show your readers the potential negative effect of them doing the opposite, or taking some other choice, but you do want to finish on a positive note giving the benefits. Including a story of some personal experience can often deliver that x factor that makes the difference. Once you demonstrate that you understand them, offer them the solution to their problem. Your solution. 8. Help your readers easily understand what they don’t know. People avoid the unknown like the plague. If a product has little information or appears to be unfamiliar, then a buyer won't choose it. In other words, people are more likely to choose something they know the results of, preferring a known probability over an unknown probability. How to use the ambiguity effect. Offer Metaphors: When offering someone an option, try to deliver it with the addition of a metaphor. Metaphors help bring comfort, meaning, and familiarity to making choices. Make It Easy:  Keep the option you'd like your reader to select  simple and to the point, clear and concise. Use Stats: People trust statistics and rarely do their own research. Be the resource to use this to your advantage. 9. Make your content so easy to understand that it’s a no-brainer to check out your stuff. Familiarity brings cognitive fluency and reinforces the idea that repetition is the mother and father of all learning.  Fluency is the ease or difficulty in completing a mental task and can really influence your visitors' decision making. How you can use cognitive fluency. Make it easy for your readers to digest your information and make decisions. Publish consistent content that is easy to read and requires little effort to understand. Help your readers complete simple mental tasks to influence their decision making. Use subheads, images, and bullet points to break up the content. Write sentences no longer than 25 words, and paragraphs no more than 3 sentences long. Use white space to your advantage- use a less is more approach. Offer a clear call-to-action on every page and think about including it several times on the page. Write Your Blog Posts To Captivate And Maintain Readership Keeping and maintaining readership is super important, and you can use the psychology of marketing to keep folks interested. 10. Write awesome headlines that inspire action. Benefit + Time + Outcome is a headline formula that has been proven to be very effective. You obviously need to be selective about the number of words you use and how you put them together, but the formula works. The elements of the formula  don't always need to be included, but it seems to be very effective when they are all together. The elements break down like this: Benefit:  Outline the benefit to the reader in their terms and as simply as you can. Time:  Include a time frame when they can expect to reap the rewards of using the system. Outcome:  Show what the outcome will be if the reader uses your system. 11.  Draw on emotion to make a lasting impression. Emotion sells. I was at a business network meeting, and one of the fundraising members  showed us a YouTube video of a group of children who were the casualties of the Chernobyl nuclear disaster in the 1980s. Well, I can tell you there wasn't a dry eye in the house!  Needless to say he filled his contribution bucket that night. The point is: Emotion sells. When you  rock emotional energy in your writing, you're  well along the way to capturing the attention of your readers. But how do you achieve that? How you can use emotion in your articles. Include  your own emotional connection with the content you are producing, and choose words to  convey emotion. Try this list of power, emotional, common, and uncommon words to  add greater impact to your articles. Also use the headline analyzer  to measure the effectiveness of your headlines and subheads. No tears in the writer, no tears in the reader. - Robert Frost 12.  Build awareness with lots of touch points. Attention bias is where consumers are influenced overwhelmingly by their recurring or established thought patterns. An example of this is where you might have a love of hats. This love of hats leads to a tendency to notice hats above all other clothing. Marketers take advantage of this behavior pattern all the time.  They want to become established in your thought patterns.  And they start young, understanding that the earlier they get hold of you, the better is it for their brand recognition later. How you can use attention bias. Keep at it. Whatever methods you are using to get your brand out there, keep doing it. You must stay in the minds of your readers. Publishing and sharing something is better than nothing, and the more you get your stuff under the eyeballs of readers, the better. Post on social media every day. Blog consistently. Share your stuff again and again. Repost your articles on sites that are happy to accept them Guest post original articles. 13.  Use social influence to inspire engagement. People appear more attractive in a group than in isolation- that's the cheerleader effect. No one likes to be isolated. Group mentality has great momentum and influence in the decisions of your buyers. People naturally want to stay in the crowd where it's safe, so you can find ways to appeal to that bias. How you can use the cheerleader effect. Use a bunch of testimonials together, rather than only one or two. Use reviews as a means of showing other people's engagement with you or your product. 14. Confirm what your readers want to hear. Confirmation bias is the human tendency to search for and interpret information in a way that confirms our  preconceptions. Well, give 'em what they want and don't try to change their mind. If someone is already predisposed to your solution, then they will likely buy.

Marketing Communications Plan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Marketing Communications Plan - Essay Example Within a period of four years, Innocent became a food and drink company with fastest growth in the U.K resulting in growth in turnover from ?0 to ?10.6 million over the same period (Trott, 2008). In 2003 it obtained a market share of 30% in U.K and an intense distribution with 4,500 outlets across the U.K (DATAMONITOR, 2004). In 2004, its turnover stood at ? 15 million with an investment of just ?280,000 (DATAMONITOR, 2004). The company has introduced several new flavors of smoothies and drinks since its inception which is one of its critical success factors (DATAMONITOR, 2004) . The report shall now delve into developing an Integrated Marketing Communications Campaign for Innocent Drinks in an attempt to sustain its competitive edge and make it stand out from its rivals. The SOSTAC framework shall be used along with a feasibility analysis and shall conclude with recommendations of existing and new products. Context Analysis The SWOT and PEST model for Innocent Drinks is as follows: SWOT Analysis Strengths: Innocent Drinks has become one of the top smoothie brands in U.K in a period of just four years from its inception. Its turnover has increased from ?0 to ?10.6 million over the same period (Trott, 2008). The company has emerged as a market leader in U.K smoothies market by managing to capture a tremendous 30% share (Jones, 2008). The company has managed to obtain 50% brand awareness and press coverage significantly higher than that of its major rival, PJ (Appendix 1) ((DATAMONITOR, 2004). It enjoys excellent relationship with its distributors, the retailers, including U.K’s leading stores such as Sainsbury’s and Boots (Lincoln & Thomassen, 2007). It launched a first of its kind birthday party in 2003 which was attended by all its major retailers (Thomas, 2009). Weaknesses: The company suffered a temporary decline in its sales in 2008 due to recession. Its sales fell by 29% in the period 2007-2009 (MarketWatch:Drinks, 2008). However, the fact th at its major rivals racked up profits worth 25%-30% in the same period was a cause of concern (MarketWatch:Drinks, 2008). The recession revealed several flaws in the company’s strategies which include targeting the wrong customers (young professionals), faulty international strategy, no differentiating factor, no benefits-based ad campaign, targeting a niche product to the mass market, no innovation in packaging and failure to introduce new products in recent years (Mellentin, 2010). Another area of concern is the fact that while its rivals have managed to obtain a 60% mark-up on every bottle, Innocent manages to make only 3p-4p worth of profit on each bottle (Mellentin, 2010). Opportunities: The market for smoothies has been growing unlike the market for juices which has occasionally seen a downward trend. There is enormous potential in the ?70 million British smoothie market which has seen double-digit growth over the years (Mellentin, 2010). The rate of annual growth is es timated at 30% (Mellentin, 2010). The company has enormous potential ever since Coca Cola’s purchase of stake in the company (Mellentin, 2010). Furthermore, 75% of the European market still remains untapped by Innocent Drinks (Mellentin, 2010

Alternatives of interest and usury Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Alternatives of interest and usury - Essay Example Sweden has given a thought to implement a variant of an interest free system. As mentioned in Islam (2008), 35000 members of JAK Bank have saved 97 million Euros, of which 86 million were given as loans. JAK does not charge or pay interest on its loans. Administrative and developmental costs are paid by membership and loan fees. JAK has a variety of banking products all of which come into action by balancing the individual's saving point system. Carrie (2004) researched the work of JAK and concludes that the bank provides affordable and responsible finance and enables its members to have a say in where and how their money is invested. This shows that the outcome of interest free banking does not always relates to a dominantly Muslim country and can exist viably in a western capitalist state. Interest is generally thought as an extra amount charged over and above the principal amount which is accepted as unethical or unfair in Muslim world. A borrower is a person who is needy and a le nder exploits them by charging them with interest so a simple question of justifying the ethical basis of interest arises? This question may be answered by another question, is it alright that an already needy person is being oppressed? Our banking systems ultimately covert into an ugly vicious cycle consisting of a borrower and lender thus there exists a genuine need to find alternatives where interest speculation and gambling can be avoided with debt-like financing, futures and option like contracts and insurance/assurance-like products. Now coming over to debt financing, it is a kind of transaction that is solely dependent on interest! for example a person A needs to raise working capital for their company so they only way they have is to issue notes or bonds of, say $1000 to everyone now that investor will receive an interest of 10% of 10000 after four months. In simpler terms you can say that debt is borrowing money from an outside source with the promise to return the principa l, in addition to a agreed upon level of interest. Debt financing is one of the most used methods of financing. The reason why debt financing is so commonly used is that it helps maintain ownership because when you borrow from banks then you have to return the agreed amount on time however here you can choose the time of repayment for yourself without anybody else's interference. Moreover the most attractive factor is that you can decide the amount of interest rate yourself, it is an open option for you according to your budget, but we do need to find ways of excluding interest on it. Here the question is that is this possible? The best alternative is interest free equity financing. Equity financing is an act of raising money for company activities by selling common or preferred stock to individual or institutional investors. In return for the money paid, shareholders receive ownership rights in the corporation. In most cases equity financing is preferred over debt financing especia lly where the company wants to move on an interest free basis. Here there is no interest cost, the company does not has to pay any interest to the amount provided by the owners ( the stockholders) in fact the cost of production remains low as there is no burden of interes